Comparison of some fruit quality parameters of selected 12 mandarin genotypes from Black Sea region in Turkey

Abstract

Mandarins are mostlypreferred specie of Citrus genus, andthere has been a continuous rise in consumption and globalmarketing due to having easy-to-peel, attractive flavor, and freshconsumption advantages. However, most of the existing knowledge onquality traits of citrus fruit comes from research conducted on oranges,which are the main products for the citrus juice manufacturing industry.In recent years, mandarin production in Turkey surpassed orange productionand took the first place in citrus production. Mandarins are mostlygrown in the Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkey. Due to suitableclimatic conditions, they are also grown in the microclimatic conditionin Rize province located in the Eastern Black Sea region. In thisstudy, we reported the total phenolic content, total antioxidant capacity,and volatiles of 12 Satsuma mandarin genotypes selected from Rizeprovince of Turkey. Considerable differences in the total phenoliccontent, total antioxidant capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylassay), and fruit volatile constituent were found among the 12 selectedSatsuma mandarin genotypes. The total phenolic content ranged from3.50 to 22.53 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g of the fruitsample in the selected mandarin genotypes. The total antioxidant capacitywas the highest in genotype HA2 as 60.40%, and followed by IB (59.15%)and TEK3 (58.36%), respectively. A total of 30 aroma volatiles weredetected from the juice samples of 12 mandarin genotypes by GC/MS,which comprised six alcohols, three aldehydes (including one monoterpene),three esters, one ketone, and one other volatiles. The main volatilecompounds were identified in fruits of all Satsuma mandarin genotypesas alpha-terpineol (0.6-1.88%), linalool (1.1-3.21%),gamma-terpinene (4.41-5.5%), beta-myrcene (0.9-1.6%), dl-limonene (79.71-85.12%), alpha-farnesene (1.1-2.44),and d-germacrene (0.66-1.37%). Limonene accounts formost of the aroma compounds (79.71-85.12%) in fruits of allSatsuma genotypes. The genotypes MP and TEK8 had the highest totalphenolic content, and HA2, IB, and TEK 3 had the highest antioxidantcapacity. The YU2 genotype was found to contain more aroma compoundsthan the other genotypes. The genotypes selected on the basis of theirhigh bioactive content could be used to develop new Satsuma mandarincultivars with high human health promoting contents.