The application of kidney injury molecule-1 to determine the duration between shockwave lithotripsy sessions

Abstract

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the role of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in determining the intervals between shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) sessions. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective, controlled study. It included 40 patients with unilateral kidney stones and 40 healthy persons of a similar age group as controls. the patients' midflow urine samples were collected before SWL and 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after the procedure. Results: the average age in the SWL and control groups was 4514 and 39 +/- 15 years, respectively (P=0.336). the average KIM-1 value before SWL was 0.74 +/- 0.35ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.51 +/- 0.14ng/mL) (P<0.001). Similarly, the average values of the urine samples after SWL were higher than those of the control group (P<0.001). When the KIM-1 values of the patients given SWL were compared within the group, the KIM-1 values 1 hour (1.06 +/- 0.51) and 1 day (0.99 +/- 0.67) after the procedure were statistically clearly higher than those before the procedure (P<0.001) and statistically clearly higher than those of the control group (P=0.005). the KIM-1 values 1 week and 1 month after the procedure were not significantly different than the preprocedure values (P=0.652 and P=0.747, respectively). Conclusion: KIM-1 is a noninvasive biomarker that may be used to show renal damage because of stones and early-stage renal damage linked to SWL. in addition, post-SWL KIM-1 values may be used to determine the interval between SWL sessions.