Volatile and phenolic contents, antimicrobial and tyrosinase activities of two endemic species scorzonera pisidica and scorzonera sandrasica L. Grown in Turkey

Abstract

Phytochemical analysis of two endemic Scorzonera pisidica Hub.-Mor. and Scorzonera sandrasica Hartvig & Strid species have not been mentioned before. In this work, volatile organic compounds, phenolic contents, antimicrobial, and tyrosinase inhibition activities of two endemic S. pisidica and S. sandrasica grown in Turkey were investigated. Aldehydes were the primary chemical class for the volatile organic compounds in the essential oils (EOs, 49.5%, and 44.9%) and SPME (85.8% and 56.9%) of S. pisidica and S. sandrasica, and aromatic compounds were the main class for the SPME of the n-hexane extracts of S. pisidica (86.9%) and S. sandrasica (86.3%), respectively. The phenolic constituent analysis for the methanol extract of S. pisidica and S. sandrasica gave gallic acid (6.33 mg/g and 2.63 mg/g) as the primary compound. The antimicrobial activity of the EOs and solvent extract (methanol and n-hexane) of S. pisidica and S. sandrasica were tested against nine microorganisms. Furthermore, the inhibitory potential for the methanol extract of the S. pisidica and S. sandrasica showed tyrosinase activity, and IC50 values were found as 0.495 +/- 0073 mu g/mL and 0.699 +/- 0.86 mu g/mL, respectively.